IELTS READING KEYWORDS TABLE | CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 – TEST 1
Cambridge IELTS 11 – Test 1 – Passage 1
| Key words in questions | Similar words in the text | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Already | not new, in vogue for some time | a method which is used now by some people. |
| grown indoors | hot house production | grown inside, in controlled conditions of heat and light. |
| Located | situated | built in a particular place |
| Distance | transportation | transportation of food means that it is carried for some distance. |
| Produce | Return | as part of the process, energy is produced from composting plants, and this energy is returned to the national system (the grid). |
| consumption | Use | the amount of energy that we use. |
| Cut | reduce | we would use less energy than before by introducing vertical farming. |
| vehicles | tractors | tractors are the type of farm vehicles which are most commonly used, often with a piece of machinery called a plough to prepare the land for planting crops. |
| Need | require | artificial light is necessary. |
| disadvantage | drawback | the worst thing about vertical farming is that artifical light must be used to grow plants. |
| One form | One variation | one different method which is used to grow plants. |
| plant | Grow | when we plant something, we put it into the soil in order to grow. |
| not fixed | move on rails | if something is not fixed, it can be moved to a new position. |
| most probable | far more likely | more food will probably be grown in towns and cities. |
| towns and cities | Urban | the adjective for anything which relates to towns and cities is ‘urban’. |
| destruction | despoil | because of the way that we have treated some land, it can no longer be used to grow crops. |
Cambridge IELTS 11 – Test 1 – Passage 2
| Words in the questions | Words in the text | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| put together | assembled | in a factory, when different pieces are used to make a complete thing, like a car, for example, they are ‘assembled’. |
| components | parts | various parts of which something is made |
| manufactured | constructed | made, usually by machinery |
| ancient | historically important | very old |
| a pair of | two | two, usually of similar things, like shoes/hands. |
| lifted | raised | moved to a higher level |
| shut out water | seal off from water | the gates are closed to prevent water entering the canal basin |
| taken out | removed | the wheel turns when the clamp is removed |
| rotate | turn | when something rotates, it turns but remains in the same place |
| move on to | pass on to | the boat moves to the aqueduct from the wheel |
| directly | straight | it moves to the aqueduct without any other step in the process |
| beneath | under | in a lower position than something /somebody, in this case – the wall |
Cambridge IELTS 11 – Test 1 – Passage 3
| Keywords in the Questions | Words in the text | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| based on | modelled on | to have a basis –in this case, past volcanic explosions now provide a basis or model on which to test the effects of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere. |
| earlier | historic | in the past |
| be successful | work | geo-engineering has been shown to be effective and function or operate well = to work. |
| common | generally | because most scientists often use this definition, the definition is said to be common, or generally used. |
| refer to | define (definition) | to state or set forth the meaning of (a word, phrase, etc.), in this case the meaning of the term ‘geo-engineering |
| tiny | minute | very small |
| create | form | To cause to exist; bring into being: sulphur dioxide from aerosols would result in the development = creation/formation of clouds. |
| place | deposit | to put or set in a particular place, p osition, situation, – putting iron into the sea/ocean. |
| sea | ocean | the vast body of salt water that cov ers almost three fourths of the earth's surface |
| encourage | stimulate | to promote the development of something, in this case the growth of algae in the ocean. |
| strong | reinforced | the cables attached to the icesheets would be made extra strong so that they would not break = reinforced. |
| lose | shed | the leaves fall from the trees [= the trees shed their leaves] in the winter. |
| allow | enable | in the passage, these words = make possible: after the trees lose/shed their leaves, the radiation of heat from the snow is possible. |
| change the direction of | re-route | in the passage, the direction of some Russian rivers would be changed = they would be rerouted. |
| bring more | increase | the action of re-routing Russian rivers would result in a greater flow of cold water into areas where ice is formed. |